RESUMO
The grasses of the genus Brachiaria account for 80% of the cultivated pastures in Brazil. Despite its importance for livestock production, little information is available for breeding purposes. Embrapa has a population of B. ruziziensis from different regions of Brazil, representing most of existing variability. This population was used to initiate an improvement program based on recurrent selection. In order to assist the genetic improvement program, we estimated the molecular variability among 93 genotypes of Embrapa's collection using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. DNA was extracted from the leaves. Twelve ISSR primers generated 89 polymorphic bands in the 93 genotypes. The number of bands identified by each primer ranged from two to 13, with a mean of 7.41. Cluster analysis revealed a clearly distinct group, containing most of the B. ruziziensis genotypes apart from the outgroup genotypes. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.0 to 0.95, with a mean of 0.50 and analysis of molecular variance indicated higher variation within (73.43%) than among species (26.57%). We conclude that there is a high genetic diversity among these B. ruziziensis genotypes, which could be explored by breeding programs.
Assuntos
Brachiaria/genética , Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , FilogeniaRESUMO
Cratylia argentea and C. mollis (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) are legume shrubs native to the Cerrado and Caatinga, respectively. Both species show great resistance to drought and high nutritive value, which makes them a valuable forage resource in tropical regions. Cytogenetic studies were carried out on accessions of C. argentea and C. mollis from Germplasm Banks of Embrapa Gado de Leite (Juiz de Fora, MG) and Embrapa Semi-Arido (Petrolina, PE), respectively. Root tips were treated with 3 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline and slides were made using the air-dry technique. Karyotype description for each accession took into account the following features: chromosome number; total length, relative length and arm ratio of each chromosome; haploid set length, and degree of asymmetry. Mitotic metaphases in both species showed 2n = 22 chromosomes, where this is the first report of diploid number for C. mollis. Chromosome length was also quite similar for the two species, ranging from 5.08 to 2.50 microm in C. argentea and 5.12 to 2.51 microm in C. mollis, with haploid sets of equal size, measuring 38.10 and 37.85 microm, respectively. However, they did not show the same karyotypic formula, which was 5 m + 4 sm + 2 st for C. argentea and 7 m + 2 sm + 2 st for C. mollis. This indicates the occurrence of rearrangements within chromosomes I and VI. Both karyotypes showed a tendency for asymmetry.
Assuntos
Fabaceae/genética , Corantes Azur , Cromossomos de Plantas/metabolismo , Cariotipagem , MetáfaseRESUMO
Cratylia argentea and C. mollis (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) are legume shrubs native to the Cerrado and Caatinga, respectively. Both species show great resistance to drought and high nutritive value, which makes them a valuable forage resource in tropical regions. Cytogenetic studies were carried out on accessions of C. argentea and C. mollis from Germplasm Banks of Embrapa Gado de Leite (Juiz de Fora, MG) and Embrapa Semi-Árido (Petrolina, PE), respectively. Root tips were treated with 3 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline and slides were made using the air-dry technique. Karyotype description for each accession took into account the following features: chromosome number; total length, relative length and arm ratio of each chromosome; haploid set length, and degree of asymmetry. Mitotic metaphases in both species showed 2n = 22 chromosomes, where this is the first report of diploid number for C. mollis. Chromosome length was also quite similar for the two species, ranging from 5.08 to 2.50 µm in C. argentea and 5.12 to 2.51 µm in C. mollis, with haploid sets of equal size, measuring 38.10 and 37.85 µm, respectively. However, they did not show the same karyotypic formula, which was 5 m + 4 sm + 2 st for C. argentea and 7 m + 2 sm + 2 st for C. mollis. This indicates the occurrence of rearrangements within chromosomes I and VI. Both karyotypes showed a tendency for asymmetry.
Assuntos
Corantes Azur , Cromossomos de Plantas/metabolismo , Fabaceae/genética , Citogenética , Cariotipagem , MetáfaseRESUMO
Avaliou-se o efeito da temperatura e do tempo de armazenamento sobre a contagem de células somáticas(CCS). Amostras de leite de 21 vacas, coletadas e armazenadas às temperaturas de 5, 27, 32 e 36°e e analisadas no 1°, 3°, 5°e 7° dia após coleta, foram classificadas em três grupos (células/ml): baixa (236.000 + ou - H64.000), média (624.000+ ou - 356.000) e alta CCS (1.320.000+ ou - 945.000). O delineamento experimental foi o de parcelas subdivididas. As médias da CCS foram iguais (P>0,05) para amostras mantidas à temperatura de 5°C e analisadas entre o primeiro e o sétimo dias após a coleta e para aquelas mantidas às temperaturas 5, 27, 32 e 36°e e analisadas no primeiro dia. Médias diferentes (P<0,05) da CCS foram observadas para amostras mantidas a 27, 32 e 36°e a partir do 5°, 5° e 3° dias, respectivamente. Foram observados decréscimos de 57,6%, 58,5% e 27,9% nos valores iniciais da CCS nas amostras classificadas como baixa, média e alta, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de se encaminhar as amostras de leite para CCS sob refrigeração e de ser feita análise até sete dias após a coleta.
